{"id":7733,"date":"2022-07-20T09:23:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-20T09:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/?p=7733"},"modified":"2023-05-04T13:43:35","modified_gmt":"2023-05-04T13:43:35","slug":"bluetooth-5-1-angle-of-arrival-antenna-array-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/bluetooth-5-1-angle-of-arrival-antenna-array-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Bluetooth 5.1 Angle-of-Arrival Antenna Array Design"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>There&#8217;s new research from University of Porto, Portugal on <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2204.12188\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Bluetooth 5.1 Antenna Array for Angle-of-Arrival Estimation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Experiments were conducted on a circular antenna array in an anechoic chamber and in a real-world environment to evaluate the quality of the retrieved data. The setup included four beacons advertising a Constant Tone Extension (CTE).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/BluetoothAoACircularAntennaArray.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7734\" width=\"457\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/BluetoothAoACircularAntennaArray.png 457w, https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/BluetoothAoACircularAntennaArray-300x267.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 457px) 85vw, 457px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The researchers used a combination of ways to process the data including a non-linear recursive least square method, an unscented Kalman filter, non-linear least square curve fitting, a Gaussian filter and Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"606\" height=\"442\" src=\"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/bluetoothaoatesting.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7735\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/bluetoothaoatesting.jpg 606w, https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/bluetoothaoatesting-300x219.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The paper explains how reducing computational complexity is critical in order to achieve real-time processing on edge devices. Accuracy is affected by noise originating from multi-path effects, differences in oscillators between transmitter and receiver, behaviour of the RF switch and slight variations in impedances of the antenna tracks between antenna pairs. There&#8217;s much more noise in the real-world environment than in the anechoic chamber.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers conclude that they found it difficult to reduce the error in the obtained phase measurements and identify which packets were reflections. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>This paper demonstrates that processing of AoA IQ data is non-trivial. Processing in real-time for a more than a few assets is a challenge. This is why, while many AoA reference kits&#8217; can be used to demonstrate AoA, the accompanying software often isn&#8217;t scalable to the required number of assets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Read about <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.precisionrtls.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">PrecisionRTLS\u2122<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There&#8217;s new research from University of Porto, Portugal on Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Bluetooth 5.1 Antenna Array for Angle-of-Arrival Estimation. Experiments were conducted on a circular antenna array in an anechoic chamber and in a real-world environment to evaluate the quality of the retrieved data. The setup included four beacons advertising a Constant &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/bluetooth-5-1-angle-of-arrival-antenna-array-design\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Bluetooth 5.1 Angle-of-Arrival Antenna Array Design&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[294,230],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7733"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7733"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8501,"href":"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7733\/revisions\/8501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7733"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.beaconzone.co.uk\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}