You might wonder whether USB beacons can be used to enable desktops/laptops or any USB device to receive beacon transmissions. USB beacons don’t work this way and only use the USB connection for power.
What you need is a ‘Sniffer’ such as the ABSniffer 528. It scans for Bluetooth devices and sends the data via USB to the device powering it.
Alternatively, look for a standard Bluetooth dongle that that supports Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) and an associated programming API for ESP32, Raspberry Pi, Windows or Linux.