We have previously written about Bluetooth LE on the Factory Floor and Why Bluetooth LE Scanning Doesn’t Always See Devices (the First Time).
There’s a new informative paper by Martin Woolley of the Bluetooth SIG on How Bluetooth® Technology Makes Wireless Communication Reliable. It describes in detail how radio collisions, multi-path propagation, time-dispersion, transmitter-receiver synchronisation, signal strength, receiver sensitivity and buffer overflow can collude to make radio communications unreliable.
![](https://www.beaconzone.co.uk/blog/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bluetoothchannels.png)
The paper explains how Bluetooth modulation schemes, CRC checks, multiple channels, coded PHY, adaptive frequency hopping, flow control and the ATT protocol work to make Bluetooth LE reliable.
![](https://www.beaconzone.co.uk/blog/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/bluetoothleadvertisingandscanning.png)
The paper also takes a look how Bluetooth Mesh has been designed to achieve reliable communication.